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Ohio State University
1999 Ohio Vegetable Production Guide - Bulletin 672 - Jan. 2000
Lettuce
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Head lettuce - this is the first site I found which provides an extensive description of current agricultural recommendations for lettuce. And it is enough to make one's hair stand on end.
As these agricultural recommendations show, lettuce is heavyly and often treated - frequently at 5 day intervals - with a wide range of agricultural poisons. Since the general public is unaware of how lettuces are grown commercially, I thought it would be good to show it here. |
And as the presence of DDT, and four other major agricultural poisons in the blood of every living thing - as well as in every mother's milk - so amply demonstrates, every chemical we put in our environment eventually ends up in us as well.
Disease Control - Damping Off
Buy commercial fungicide-treated seed, if available. If not, dust or pellet seed according to label instructions with Thiram. If Pythium has been a problem, apply Ridomil Gold EC at 1-2 pt/A. See label directions.
Downy Mildew - space rows to allow for good aeration and drying.
Avoid overhead irrigation late in the day. If disease threatens, apply one of the following fungicides:
Fixed copper fungicide according to label directions.
Aliette 80WDG 2.0-5.0 lb/A (3 days-PHI).
Maneb 75DF 1.5-2.0 lb/A (10 days-PHI).
Aliette/Maneb 2+2 4 lb/A (10 days-PHI).
Do not tank mix Aliette and copper fungicides. Speckling may occur on some varieties under certain conditions. See label for precautions.
Rhizoctonia Bottom Rot and Sclerotinia Drop - rotation, deep plowing,
and the use of raised beds are suggested practices that should minimize incidence of these diseases. If disease has been severe in the past, consider application of one of the following fungicides to seedlings:
Ronilan (50 W) 1.0-2.0 lb/A (14 days-PHI) (Sclerotinia drop control only.) (See label directions.)
Rovral (50 W) 1.5-2.0 lb/A (14 days-PHI). (See label directions.)
Rovral (4F) 1.5-2.0 pt/A (14 days-PHI). (See label directions.)
Botran (75W) 2-3.5 lb/100 gal water (14 days-PHI).
Botrytis gray mold - in greenhouse production,
avoid condensation on foliage by providing adequate ventilation within the enclosure and avoid overcrowding of plants.
Botran (75W) may be applied at a rate of 2.66 lb/100 gal water. Do not apply within 14 days of harvest.
Lettuce Mosaic Virus (LMV) - This virus is carried in infested seed and is spread readily by aphids. Sow only mosaic-free indexed seed (sold as MTO). Control aphids and weeds near to production areas. Keep new and old lettuce plantings as far apart as possible. Disk under old lettuce fields immediately following harvest.
Insect Control - At-planting treatment:
Disulfoton (60 days-PHI) - for aphids, leafhoppers.
Direct-seeded lettuce only. Apply on each side of row. Do not apply directly on the seed.
Di-Syston 8EC: 0.6-1.2 oz/1,000 ft.
Di-Syston 15G: 4-8 oz/1,000 ft.
Imidacloprid (21 days-PHI) - for aphids, whiteflies.
Admire 2F: 10-24 fl oz/A.
Apply before planting, during planting, or as post-transplant drench.
Bait treatment:
Carbaryl - for cutworms, armyworms.
Sevin 5B: 20-40 lb/A.
Prozap Sevin 10% Bait Granules: 10-20 lb/A.
Metaldehyde - for slugs.
Broadcast during seedling stage, or band between rows after seedling stage.
Deadline MP (4B): 20-40 lb/A.
Prozap Snail and Slug AG (3.5B): 24-40 lb/A.
Metaldehyde 7.5G: 20 lb/A.
Foliar treatment:
Abamectin (7 days-PHID) - for leafminers.
Head lettuce only
Agri-mek 0.15EC: 8-16 fl oz/A.
Acephate (21 days-PHI) - for aphids, loopers.
Head lettuce
Orthene 75SP: 0.7-1.3 lb/A for aphids; 1.3 lb/A for loopers.
Bacillus thuringiensis (B.t.) - for loopers.
Agree (3.8% a.i.): 1-2 lb/A.
Biobit XL FC (2.1% a.i.): 1-3 pt/A.
CryMax WDG (15% a.i.): 0.5-1.5 lb/A.
Cutlass 10WP: 1-2 lb/A.
DiPel 4L (1.76% a.i.): 1-2 pt/A.
DiPel 2X WP (6.4% a.i.): 0.5-1.0 lb/A.
Javelin WG (6.4% a.i.): 0.5-1 lb/A.
Mattch (12% a.i.): 2-8 pt/A.
MVP (10% a.i.): 1-4 qt/A.
Troy-BT FC (26% a.i.): 2 oz/A.
XenTari WDG: 0.25-l lb/A.
Carbaryl (14 days-PHI) - for leafhoppers, caterpillars.
Carbaryl 4L
Sevin 4F
Sevin XLR Plus (4EC): 0.5-2 qt/A.
Sevin 50WP: 1-3 lb/A.
Sevin 80S: 0.62-1.25 lb/A.
Cryolite (14 days-PHI) - for loopers.
Kryocide (96% a.i.): 8-20 lb/A, leaf and head lettuce.
Prokil Cryolite 96 (96% a.i.): 10-20 lb/A, head lettuce only.
Cypermethrin (5 days-PHI) - for loopers and other caterpillars; leafhoppers, bugs, thrips, some beetles.
Ammo 2.5EC: 2.5-5 fl oz/A. Limit 30 fl oz/A per season.
Ammo WSB (39% WP): 1-2 bags/A.
Cymbush 3EC: 1.07-4.27 oz/A. Limit 25 fl oz/A per season.
Cyromazine (7 days-PHI) - for leafminers.
Trigard 75WP: 1/6 lb (1 packet)/A. Limit 5 applications per crop.
Diazinon (14 days-PHI) - for aphids, leafminers.
Diazinon AG500 (4EC): 0.5-1 pt/A.
Diazinon 50WP: 0.5-1 lb/A.
Dimethoate (14 days-PHI) - for aphids, leafhoppers,
leafminers.
Dimate 4E; Dimethoate 4EC: 0.5 pt/A.
Dimethoate 2.67EC; Dimate 2.67: 0.75 pt/A.
Endosulfan (14 days-PHI) - for aphids, loopers, leafhoppers.
Limit 4 qt/A/year; limit 3 applications on head lettuce and 2 applications on leaf lettuce.
Thiodan 3EC; Phaser 3EC: 1-1.3 qt/A.
Thiodan 50WP: 1.5-2 lb/A.
Endosulfan + pyrethrins (14 days-PHI) - for loopers, aphids.
Thirethrin 2.5EC: 2 qt/A.
Imidacloprid (7 days-PHI) - for aphids, whiteflies.
Provado 1.6F: 3.75 fl oz/A. Limit 18.75 fl oz/A per year.
Note: Do not apply Provado if Admire applied at planting.
Lambda-cyhalothrin (1 day-PHI) - for loopers and other caterpillars, leafhoppers, stink bug, flea beetles.
Warrior 1EC: 1.92-3.84 fl oz/A.
Malathion - for aphids, leafhoppers, loopers.
Malathion 5EC: 1.5-2 pt/A for aphids; 2 pt/A for leafhoppers; 2.5- 3 pt/A for loopers.
Malathion 8EC: 0.5-2 pt/A for aphids, leafhoppers; 2 pt/A for loopers.
Malathion + methoxychlor (14 days-PHI) - for aphids, leafhoppers.
Malathion Methoxychlor Spray (2+2EC): 2-4 qt/A for aphids; 2.5 qt/A for leafhoppers.
Methomyl (7 or 10 days-PHI) - for aphids, leafhoppers, loopers.
Limit 15 applications/crop.
Lannate 90SP: 0.5-1 lb/A for aphids, leafhoppers; 0.25-1 lb/ A for loopers.
Lannate LV (2.4WSL): 1.5-3 pt/A for aphids, leafhoppers; 0.75-3 pt/A for loopers.
Methoxychlor (14 days-PHI) - for leafhoppers, loopers.
Methoxychlor 2EC: 2-4.5 qt/A.
Methoxychlor 4L: 1-2.25 qt/A.
Marlate 50WP: 2-4.5 lb/A.
Methyl parathion (21 days-PHI) - for aphids, leafhoppers, mites.
Methyl Parathion 4EC: 1 qt/A.
Oxydemetonmethyl (21 days-PHI) - for aphids.
Metasystox-R 2SC: 1.5-2 pt/A.
Permethrin (1 day-PHI) - for leafhoppers, loopers, leafminers.
Ambush 2EC: 6.4-12.8 oz/A.
Pounce 3.2EC: 2-8 oz/A leafhoppers, loopers; 4-8 oz/A for leafminers.
Ambush 25WP; Pounce 25WP: 3.2-12.8 oz/A for leafhoppers, loopers; 6.4-12.8 oz/A for leafminers.
Spinosad (1 day-PHI) - for cabbage looper, armyworms, leafminers.
Spintor 2SC: 4-10 oz/A. Limit 29 oz/A/year.
Thiodicarb (14 days-PHI) - for armyworms, loopers.
Larvin 3.2F: 16-30 fl oz/A. Limit 60 fl oz/A per season.
Tralomethrin (3 days-PHI) - for loopers and other caterpillars, leafhoppers, stink bugs, flea beetles.
Scout X-TRA 0.9EC: 2.28-3.41 fl oz/A. Limit 27 fl oz/A per year.
Scout X-TRA Gel (1EC; 0.2 lb a.i./bag): 0.016-0.024 lb a.i./A.
Zeta-cypermethrin (5 days-PHI) - for leafhoppers, loopers and other caterpillars, stink bugs, flea beetles.
Mustang 1.5EW: 2.39-4.26 fl oz/A.
Bensulide: - controls germinating annual grasses and certain broadleaf weeds.
Apply 5-6 qt/A Prefar 4E preplant incorporated.
Preemergence applications are effective only if followed by irrigation within 36 hours to provide incorporation. For lettuce (head or leaf), arugula, cardoon, celery, Chinese celery (transplant only), cress dandelion, endive, Florence fennel, parsley, and radicchio.
Pronamide: - controls annual grasses and broadleaf weeds.
Apply 2-4 lb/A Kerb 50-W prior to weed emergence.
Can be incorporated before planting or applied to clean cultivated soil immediately after seeding or transplanting. Use on mineral soils only. Preemergence applications require irrigation to incorporate. Do not use post transplanting on leaf lettuce.
Postemergence
Sethoxydim: - controls annual and perennial grasses.
Apply 1-1.5 pt/A Poast. (For head lettuce: 30 days-PHI; For leaf lettuce: 15 days-PHI).
Do not exceed 3 pints/A/season. Add 1 qt/A nonphytotoxic oil concentrate. Rate depends on grass species and stage of development.
For lettuce (Ohio 24c label)
Paraquat: - controls emerged annual weeds and top growth of perennial weeds.
Apply Gramoxone Extra 1.5 pt/A.
Postemergence directed spray only for emerged annual broadleaf weeds and grasses and suppression of perennial weeds. Use shields to prevent crop spray from contacting crop plants.
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